Sunday, February 10, 2008

Vocab Chapter 11

Genetics-Scientific study of heredity
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True-Breeding-Term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate.
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Trait-Specific charactoristic that varies from one individual to another
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Hybrid-Offspring of crosses between parents with differen't traits.
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Gene-Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
gene
allele-One of a number of differen't forms a gene.
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Segregation-Segregation of alleles during gamete formation
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Gamete-Specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction
KD Protista - PD Chlorophyta (filamentous) - Label: vegetative cell, colony, chloroplast, conjugation tube, gamete, zygote
Probability-likelyhood that a particular event will occur.
two spinners
Punnett square-Diagram showing the gene combinations that might result from a genetic
Punnett Square of AA+Aa
Homozygous-Term used to refer to an organism that has two similar alleles for the same trait.
Grace (Madog x Gwyn) as an adult, her white may be homozygous Irish white.  For Grace\'s pups by Madog, see below.
Heterozygous-Term used to refer to an organism that has two differen't alleles for the same trait.
Heini\'s white is probably heterozygous, one Irish and one Pie allele

Phenotype-Physical charactoristics of an organism
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Genotype-Genetic make-up of an organism
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Homologous-Term used to refer to chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-sex parent.

Diploid-Term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes.
diploid humans
Haploid-Term used to refer to a call that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore ,only a single set of genes

Meiosis-Process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the seperation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.
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Tetrad-Structure containing 4 chromatids that forms during meiosis.
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Crossing-Over-Process in which homologous chromo-somes exchange portions portions of their chromatids during meiosis
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Gene Map-Diagram showing the relative locations of each known gene on a particular chromosome.
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